(access to fresh water and a healthy diet).
Then came Peter Singer’s Animal Liberation (1975). Singer argued that the capacity for suffering, not intelligence or race, is the moral currency. He didn't necessarily argue that a chicken has a "right to vote," but that its suffering is as real as a human's. (access to fresh water and a healthy diet)
: Some political theorists now argue for a "citizenship" model where domesticated animals have positive rights, such as healthcare and social representation in political institutions [28]. He didn't necessarily argue that a chicken has
Animal welfare is a utilitarian concept. It accepts the premise that humans will use animals for food, clothing, research, and entertainment, but argues that we have a moral obligation to minimize the suffering inherent in that use. The gold standard of welfare is the , established by the UK’s Farm Animal Welfare Council in 1965: It accepts the premise that humans will use