is the strategic art of embedding specialized hardware structures directly onto a chip to make it "observable" and "controllable". The Problem:
: The capability to pinpoint the exact location of a defect within the circuit. Advanced Testing Methodologies is the strategic art of embedding specialized hardware
= (Detected faults / Total faults) × 100% Acceptable: >99% for stuck-at; >95% for timing faults. 99% for stuck-at