Conversely, the underground scene (punk rock, indie film, avant-garde theater) thrives because its very existence rejects mainstream constraints. Much of Japan's most daring art comes from this space, not the major talent agencies (like Johnny & Associates, now Smile-Up, which recently admitted to decades of sexual abuse).
Japanese entertainment has a rich history dating back to the 17th century, with traditional forms such as Kabuki theater, Noh theater, and Bunraku puppetry. These art forms were heavily influenced by Japanese literature, folklore, and mythology. Conversely, the underground scene (punk rock, indie film,