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Measuring marketing performance is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of marketing strategies. Kotler et al. (2017) stress the importance of using marketing metrics such as return on investment (ROI), customer lifetime value (CLV), and brand equity to assess marketing performance. By tracking these metrics, organizations can make data-driven decisions, optimize marketing budgets, and improve overall marketing efficiency.

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: These prominent professors from the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) provided the essential They adapted global concepts to fit local challenges like rural marketing, cultural complexity, and developing infrastructure. Show more 2. Core Narrative: From Theory to Local Action