This is a slower, less vigorous reaction than with OH⁻.

In these reactions, a nucleophile (a lone pair donor) replaces the halogen atom. This is possible because the bond is polar, leaving the carbon electron-deficient ( Chemsheets-AS-1139-Reactions-of-halogenoalkanes-1

: These reactions occur in a single step and involve the simultaneous removal of a leaving group and a proton, resulting in the formation of an alkene.

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| Question type | Expected answer | |---------------|----------------| | Mechanism, 1° + NaOH(aq) | SN2, inversion, OH⁻ attacks C–Br | | Mechanism, 3° + H₂O | SN1, carbocation intermediate | | Elimination product from 2-bromopentane | Pent-2-ene (major – more substituted) + pent-1-ene (minor) | | Reagent for substitution to alcohol | Aqueous NaOH, warm | | Reagent for elimination | Ethanolic KOH, heat under reflux | | Why does iodoethane react faster than bromoethane in SN2? | C–I bond weaker, I⁻ better leaving group | | Test for chloroalkane vs iodoalkane | AgNO₃/ethanol – chloroalkane slow white ppt, iodoalkane fast yellow ppt |